Water Pumped From Ground Much Faster Than It Returns
Thursday, August 14, 2025
Several communities in Arizona, Nevada, and California are facing significant water challenges due to overdevelopment, prolonged drought, and over-reliance on limited water sources like groundwater and the Colorado River. Many areas have experienced severe shortages, restrictions, or disruptions, particularly due to new housing developments outpacing sustainable water supplies.
Rio Verde Foothills (Maricopa County, Arizona)
Issue: This unincorporated community of approximately 2,000 homes northeast of Scottsdale faced a significant water crisis in January 2023 when Scottsdale cut off water hauling to the area. Rio Verde Foothills, a "wildcat" subdivision, was developed without securing a 100-year assured water supply, as required by Arizona law for subdivisions in Active Management Areas (AMAs). Developers exploited a loophole by splitting land into parcels of fewer than six lots, avoiding the need for a Certificate of Assured Water Supply (CAWS). As a result, the community relied on hauled water from Scottsdale, which was unsustainable during ongoing drought conditions affecting the Colorado River.
Impact: About 500 homes (1,000 residents) lost access to their primary water source when Scottsdale prioritized its own residents' needs. Residents faced skyrocketing costs for water from private haulers sourcing from other municipalities, and some had to skip showers or drive miles for drinking water. The crisis was exacerbated by poor planning and lack of municipal responsibility.
Resolution: The state negotiated a temporary deal involving a private water utility (Epcor) and Scottsdale to resume water service, but long-term solutions, such as Epcor drilling new wells or building infrastructure, are estimated to take 24–36 months and cost millions. This case highlights how overdevelopment without secured water supplies can lead to crises.
Plumbing Poverty in Phoenix
Issue: A 2024 study by the University of Arizona and King’s College London found an increase in Phoenix metro households without running water, rising from 5,800 in 2000 to 6,300 in 2021. This "plumbing poverty" is linked to unaffordable housing and the cost-of-living crisis, exacerbated by rapid urban development. While not directly caused by new housing overdevelopment, the strain on infrastructure and water resources in growing urban areas contributes to disparities in access, particularly for low-income households.